A Ponzi is a spectrum, not a crime
Most legitimate institutions live somewhere between productive and inflow-dependent. The question is never whether, but how far along the continuum a system sits.
A Measuring Instrument for National Economies
Every modern economy promises that tomorrow's money will cover today's obligations. This book measures how far America depends on it.

In 1920, Charles Ponzi promised 50% returns in 45 days.
He paid old investors with new investors' money.
He lasted eight months.
The systems in this book have lasted decades. This is not an accusation. It is an instrument.
The Instrument
Housing market
Rents reflect genuine shelter value, but price growth increasingly relies on the next buyer paying more, funded by ever-larger debt. The further prices detach from incomes, the further right it sits.
The Evidence
median American house, five years
unfunded pension obligations
years since wages tracked productivity
What the Book Argues
Most legitimate institutions live somewhere between productive and inflow-dependent. The question is never whether, but how far along the continuum a system sits.
No conspiracy is required. Each participant acts rationally inside the rules; the structure produces the dependency on its own.
Where do returns come from, and what happens when new money stops arriving? Answer honestly and any system reveals its position on the instrument.
Available Soon

With Canadian data, cases and sources throughout

With American data, cases and sources throughout

With Australian data, cases and sources throughout

NEW β FOR TEENS
The same instrument, rebuilt for readers who are about to enter the game. Every system in your life needs new money, new players, and new belief β this book teaches you to read which ones need you.
No lectures, no jargon. Five questions that reveal whether any system pays for itself or spends its players, and what it means when the new player is you.